TMJ Disorders

TMJ Disc Displacement and Locked Jaw

TMJ disc displacement refers to a condition where the articular disc within the TMJ is not in its normal position or alignment. In a healthy TMJ, this disc acts as a cushion, providing smooth movement and reducing friction between the bones. However, in cases of disc displacement, the disc may shift from its normal position, leading to various symptoms and potential issues.

There are three different types of disc displacements:

• Disc Displacement with Reduction: In this type, the disc moves out of its normal position during jaw movement but returns to its proper place when the jaw is at rest. This can be associated with clicking or popping sounds during jaw movements.

• Disc Displacement without Reduction: In this case, the disc does not return to its normal position, even when the jaw is at rest, and is often a progression of disc displacement with reduction. This may result in limited jaw movement (locked jaw), joint pain, and a more constant discomfort.

• Disc Perforation or Degeneration: Over time, the TMJ disc can undergo changes such as perforation or degeneration, affecting its structure and function.

How is the TMJ Treated?

Based on the results of the assessment, the physiotherapist will develop an individualized treatment plan. TMJ rehabilitation typically begins with a specific neuromuscular exercise program addressing the postural muscles and the muscles in the neck, shoulders and specifically around the TMJs and tongue.

Manual therapy of the jaw and neck is often required as well as modalities such as ultrasound, acupuncture, heat and/or electrical stimulation to decrease pain and discomfort. Lastly, relaxation, stress management, sleep hygiene and breath work form an integral part of your therapy.

Can TMJ Disorders be Prevented?

Preventing TMJ disorders involves adopting healthy habits and making lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of jaw dysfunction and associated symptoms. While not all cases of TMJ disorders can be prevented, the following strategies may help minimize the likelihood of developing or exacerbating these conditions:

• Maintain Good Posture: Poor posture can contribute to jaw and neck strain. Practice good posture to ensure that your head, neck, and spine are properly aligned. 

• Avoid Excessive Jaw Movements: Limit activities that involve excessive jaw movements, such as chewing gum, biting your nails, or excessively clenching your jaw.

• Manage Stress: Stress can contribute to teeth grinding and jaw clenching, which are common factors in TMJ disorders. Practice stress-reducing techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga.

• Be Mindful of Jaw Clenching and Grinding: If you notice that you clench your jaw or grind your teeth, especially during sleep, consider using a mouthguard or splint to protect your teeth and alleviate pressure on the TMJ.

• Avoid Excessive Chewing and Large Bites: Eating hard or tough foods in excess can strain the jaw. Opt for a diet that includes softer foods and cut foods into smaller, manageable pieces.

• Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can contribute to muscle tension. Ensure you are adequately hydrated throughout the day.

• Take Breaks During Repetitive Activities: If your work or daily activities involve repetitive jaw movements (such as talking on the phone for extended periods), take breaks to rest your jaw and perform gentle jaw stretches.

• Practice Relaxation Techniques: Incorporate relaxation techniques into your routine to reduce overall muscle tension. Progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery are examples of techniques that can be helpful.

• Regular Dental Check-ups: Regular dental check-ups allow your dentist to monitor your bite, identify any signs of teeth grinding, and address dental issues that could contribute to TMJ disorders.

• Avoid Excessive Caffeine and Stimulants: Stimulants like caffeine can contribute to muscle tension. Moderating your intake may help reduce the risk of jaw clenching and associated symptoms.

• Exercise and Stretching: Engage in regular exercise to promote overall well-being. Specific jaw exercises and stretches may also be beneficial in maintaining jaw flexibility and reducing tension.